Introduction
Formal communication refers to the systematic flow of message and information
through pre-defined route, channel, rules and procedure within the
organization. It is well structured and follows a strict chain of command. On
the other hand, informal communication is the exchange of messages and
information between individuals, peers or members without following
appropriate channel, format and route. It is not formal and properly
structured like formal communication. In this post we are going to highlight
some major characteristics of formal and informal communication.
Characteristics Of Formal Communication
The main features or characteristics of formal organization are as follows:
1. Pre-defined Rules And Channel
Formal communication always follows strict rules, well-defined channel and
procedure to exchange messages and information that helps to minimize
misinformation and rumors.
2. Task And Goal Oriented
Another characteristic of formal communication is that it is directed towards
the achievement of goals and objectives of the organization. It provides vital
information, guidance and instruction to the employees so they can complete
their given tasks efficiently.
3. Controllable
It is guided by organization's rules, policies and regulation so the
management can control to avoid misunderstandings, conflict, rumors and
gossip.
4. Documentation Of Record
Mostly, formal communication is in written format, So, information can be
documented and preserved that can be used as reference in the future.
5. Delegation Of Authority And Responsibility
Managers use formal communication to delegate authority and responsibility to
the subordinates.
6. Written Or Verbal
It is both written and oral form. Generally, it is in written format but oral
communication is also used according to the nature, situation and importance
of the message.
7. Rational
Formal communication is rational in nature. It gives emphasize on
organizational activities and goals rather than personal goals. So, it avoids
personal biases.
Characteristics Of Informal Communication
Some of the key characteristics of informal communication can be pointed out
as follows:
1. Speedy Exchange Of Information
In informal communication, messages can be exchanged rapidly than formal
communication because it does not require formal channel and structure.
2. Multidirectional
Another feature of informal communication is that messages can flow in
multidirectional way because of the lack of specific route and channel.
3. No Chain Of Command
This communication system does not follow proper chain of command like in
formal communication.
4. Flexible And Dynamic
Because of the lack of specific format, proper channel and rules it is more
flexible and dynamic than formal communication.
5. Unplanned
Informal communication occurs naturally without any plan.
6. Not Professional
As we know that informal communication does not follow official rules, proper
structure and specific channel to exchange, it is unprofessional in nature.
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7. No Documentation
Information, data and message exchanged by this communication are not
recorded. Therefore, it lacks documentation of records.
8. Difficult To Control
Informal communication is casual in nature and cannot be controlled by the
management easily like formal communication.
